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1.
Int. j. cardiovasc. sci. (Impr.) ; 36: e20230102, jun.2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1514273

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: Currently, two types of phenotypes have been recognized in individuals who are obese. Among the factors related to lifestyle, diet has a relevant influence, although there is no consensus regarding the role of diet in metabolic phenotypes; furthermore, diet is a strong moderator of chronic systemic inflammation. Objective: Investigate dietary inflammatory potential between metabolic phenotypes and to compare the differences between anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory diets in individuals with the same phenotype. Methods: This is a cross-sectional observational study that utilized the database of 533 individuals divided into 4 groups, according to metabolic phenotype and dietary inflammatory characteristic. Sociodemographic, clinical, anthropometric and biochemical characteristics were evaluated and the inflammatory index of the diet was calculated. Results: The mean Dietary Inflammatory index (DII) of the total sample was 0.974±1.02, with a maximum of 4.34 and a minimum of −1.74. In the metabolically unhealthy groups, we found a statistical difference in relation to systolic blood pressure when comparing the anti-inflammatory [median 120 (110.0-130.0)] and pro-inflammatory diets [median 130 (120.0-140.0); p = 0.022], and mean isoprostane concentrations were lower in the metabolically healthy group with anti-inflammatory diet. In regression analysis, the only variable that demonstrated a higher risk of alterations in all groups when compared to the metabolically healthy and anti-inflammatory group were isoprostane concentrations. Conclusion: We are able to conclude that an anti-inflammatory diet is associated with lower oxidative stress in metabolically healthy obese, and a pro-inflammatory diet is associated with higher systolic blood pressure values.

2.
Int. j. cardiovasc. sci. (Impr.) ; 36: e20220066, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1448456

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has changed food consumption. Objective Evaluate the association between metabolic phenotypes, changes in food consumption during the pandemic, and health outcomes in obese women. Methods Cross-sectional observational study including 491 women without previous diagnosis of chronic diseases, evaluated according to metabolic phenotype. During the pandemic, a subsample was re-evaluated by online questionnaires via Google Forms. Analyzed anthropometric, biochemical, and dietary data as well as health outcomes (coronary artery disease, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia or death). Information on mortality was collected from the Internal Affairs Office of the State of Rio de Janeiro and the Health Department of the State of Rio de Janeiro. Statistical analysis was performed using the statistical program SPSS 21, with Mann-Whitney test, Pearson's chi-squared, Spearman correlation, and binary logistic regression, at a significance level of 5%. Results The anthropometric, glucose, and lipid profiles showed significant differences between the metabolically healthy and metabolically unhealthy groups (p = 0.00). Before the pandemic, women in the metabolically unhealthy group had higher dietary intakes of lipids (p = 0.01), saturated fat (p = 0.01) and sodium (p = 0.04), during the pandemic, they consumed more energy (p = 0.04), lipids (p = 0.02), saturated fat (p = 0.02), proteins (p = 0.03) and sodium from ultra-processed foods (p = 0.03). Consequently, health outcomes were more prevalent in the metabolically unhealthy group (p = 0.00). Conclusion Observed that metabolically healthy women had qualitatively better food intake and fewer health outcomes throughout the study.

3.
Int. j. cardiovasc. sci. (Impr.) ; 36: e20220134, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1448458

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background Dietary treatment containing fiber-rich foods may contribute to lowering weight in obese women. Objective To investigate the effect of a hypoenergetic diet combined with pumpkin seed flour (PSF) consumption on diet quality, anthropometric indices, and glucose and lipid metabolism in obese women. Methods We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 90-day clinical trial with obese women, distributed into the following two groups: hypoenergetic diet + placebo (PG) and hypoenergetic diet + pumpkin seed flour (PSFG). A total of 100 participants were included in the PSFG (n = 47) and PG (n = 53). We evaluated neck circumference (NC); waist to height ratio; conicity index; fat mass (FM); lipid profile; blood concentrations of glucose and insulin; homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR); quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI); and blood pressure at baseline, 30, 60, and 90 days. Dietary analysis was determined by differences between diet quality indices before and after prescribing the experimental diet. Chi-squared, Student's t-tests and analysis for repeated measures were used, and values were considered significant at p < 0.05. Results The dietary pattern improved after 90 days in both groups. The PSFG presented lower NC (p < 0.001), FM (p = 0.010), triglycerides (TG) (p = 0.025), insulin (p = 0.003), and HOMA-IR (p = 0.018). The PG presented a lower diastolic blood pressure (p = 0.004) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) (p = 0.056). Conclusion A hypoenergetic diet combined with PSF consumption contributes to lowering NC, FM, HOMA-IR, TG, and insulin concentrations.

4.
Int. j. cardiovasc. sci. (Impr.) ; 34(4): 461-470, July-Aug. 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1286847

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: Vegetarian diets have favorable effects on cardiovascular risk, provided that they do not contain ultra-processed foods (UPF). Objective: To compare the metabolic profile, cardiovascular risk, body composition, and food consumption in vegan (VEG), lacto-ovo vegetarian (LOV), and omnivorous (OMNI) women. To verify the association between UPF consumption and cardiovascular risk. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 119 VEG (n = 43), LOV (n = 38), and OMNI (n = 38) women. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters and the Framingham risk score were assessed. Food consumption was assessed by means of a 3-day food register, and intake of macronutrients, micronutrients, and UPF was estimated. The correlation between UPF consumption and cardiovascular risk was assessed using Spearman's coefficient, with a significance level of 5%. Results: The groups showed low cardiovascular risk, without significant difference between them. The VEG and LOV groups had lower body mass index, neck circumference, body shape index, and systolic blood pressure (p < 0.05) than the OMNI group; greater consumption of carbohydrates, sugars, dietary fibers, micronutrients, beta-carotene, and carotenoids; and lower consumption of total fat, saturated fatty acids, and cholesterol (p < 0.05). Consumption of UPF was lower in the LOV group (5.7 [0.0- 19.8]) than in the OMNI group (14.9 [5.1 - 22.3]; p < 0.05). UPF consumption was associated with SBP (ρ = 0.439; p = 0.007) and blood sugar (ρ = 0.422; p = 0.010) in the VEG group, and in the LOV group it was inversely associated with LDL-c (ρ = −0.456; p = 0.010). Conclusion: Vegetarian women showed better body composition and dietary quality than OMNI women. It is important to take consumption of UPF in vegetarians into consideration, in order to improve cardiovascular risk in women.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Diet, Vegetarian , Heart Disease Risk Factors , Body Composition , Cross-Sectional Studies , Eating , Vegetarians , Vegans
5.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 111(5): 733-737, Nov. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1038532

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background: Obesity is recognized as a major risk factor for the development of several metabolic complications. However, some obese individuals have a favorable metabolic profile. Objective: The aim of this study was to identify an easy parameter for recognizing metabolically healthy obese (MHO) women. Methods: A total of 292 non-diabetic women with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2 were selected, and 239 composed the final cohort. We classified the participants according to their metabolic state determined by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) into MHO or metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO). Both groups were compared regarding biochemical, anthropometric, and body composition characteristics. Results: The average age of the cohort was 43.9 ± 10.9 years and the average BMI was 37.2 ± 5.3 kg/m2. In total, 75.7% of the participants were classified as MHO by HOMA. A cutoff of 108.2 cm for waist circumference (WC) identified MHO participants with a sensitivity of 72.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 59.8-82.3%), specificity of 66.9% (95% CI: 59.71-73.3%), and negative likelihood ratio of 0.41 (95% CI: 0.36-0.47). Additionally, a visceral adiposity index cutoff value of 99.2 identified MHO women with a sensitivity of 89.7% (95% CI: 79.2-95.2%), specificity of 48.6% (95% CI: 41.4-55.9%), and negative likelihood ratio of 0.21 (95% CI: 0.15-0.30). Conclusion: Women classified as MHO exhibited smaller WC measurements and lower body fat percentages, as well as lower blood glucose and insulin levels. WC emerged as an easy parameter for identifying MHO women.


Resumo Fundamento: A obesidade é reconhecida como um fator de risco importante no desenvolvimento de várias complicações metabólicas. Porém, alguns indivíduos obesos apresentam um perfil metabólico favorável. Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar um parâmetro fácil para reconhecer mulheres obesas metabolicamente saudáveis (OMS) Métodos: Foram selecionadas 292 mulheres não diabéticas com índice de massa corporal (IMC) ≥ 30 kg/m2 e a coorte final foi composta de 239. De acordo com o estado metabólico determinado pelo modelo de avaliação da homeostase (HOMA), as participantes foram classificadas como obesas metabolicamente saudáveis (OMS) ou obesas metabolicamente não saudáveis (OMNS). Compararam-se ambos os grupos quanto às características bioquímicas, antropométricas e de composição corporal. Resultados: A idade média da coorte foi de 43,9 ± 10,9 anos e o IMC médio foi 37,2 ± 5,3 kg/m2. No total, 75,7% das participantes foram classificadas como OMS pelo HOMA. O ponto de corte para a circunferência da cintura (CC) de 108,2 identificou mulheres OMS com sensibilidade de 72,4% (intervalo de confiança [IC] de 95%: 59,8-82,3%), especificidade de 66,9% (IC 95%: 59,71-73,3%) e razão de verossimilhança negativa (RVN) de 0,41 (IC 95%: 0,36-0,47). Adicionalmente, o ponto de corte de 99,2 para o índice de adiposidade visceral (IAV) identificou mulheres OMS com sensibilidade de 89,7% (IC 95%: 79.2-95.2%), especificidade de 48,6% (IC 95%: 41,4-55,9%) e RVN de 0,21 (IC 95%: 0.15-0.30). Conclusões: Mulheres classificadas como OMS apresentaram menor CC, menor percentual de gordura corporal e menores níveis séricos de glicose e de insulina. A CC foi identificada como um parâmetro fácil para identificar mulheres OMS.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Metabolic Syndrome/diagnosis , Waist Circumference , Obesity/diagnosis , Phenotype , Triglycerides/blood , Blood Glucose/analysis , Insulin Resistance , Biomarkers/metabolism , Body Mass Index , Sensitivity and Specificity , Metabolic Syndrome/metabolism , Intra-Abdominal Fat/metabolism , Data Accuracy , Insulin/blood , Obesity/metabolism
6.
Int. j. cardiovasc. sci. (Impr.) ; 30(3): f:235-l:242, mai.-jun. 2017. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-836686

ABSTRACT

Fundamento: A berinjela (Solanum melongena) é um fruto de consumo mundial. Seu processamento em forma de farinha é uma maneira de evitar perdas e aproveitar suas características nutricionais. Objetivos: Este estudo avaliou a composição físico-química (umidade, proteínas, lipídeos, fibra bruta, carboidratos, minerais, niacina, saponinas, acidez titulável, fibra alimentar e fenóis totais) da farinha de berinjela preparada a partir do fruto inteiro desidratado em estufa. Métodos: Avaliou-se a atividade antioxidante in vitro usando os seguintes ensaios: radical 2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidrazila (DPPH); poder antioxidante de redução do ferro (FRAP); e análise de polifenóis com Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência (CLAE - ácido clorogênico, ácido cafeico, ácido ferúlico e rutina). Resultados: Verificou-se a presença de: 23,09% de carboidratos; 13,34% de proteínas; 1,85% de lipídeos; 39,19% de fibras totais; 1.540 mg/100 g de compostos fenólicos solúveis totais; 840 mg/100 g de saponinas; minerais (potássio, magnésio, cobre, ferro, zinco, manganês); e niacina. Observou-se atividade antioxidante in vitro para DPPH (455,6 mg de ácido ascórbico/100 g) e FRAP (486,8 mg de ácido ascórbico/100 g). A CLAE determinou a presença de ácido ascórbico, tirosina e ácidos fenólicos (ácido clorogênico, ácido cafeico e ácido ferúlico). Conclusão: A farinha de berinjela tem alto teor de fibra além de bom teor de compostos fenólicos e saponinas com importante capacidade antioxidante observada através de ensaios in vitro. A farinha de berinjela é uma boa opção para ser adicionada à dieta da população, devido aos seus potenciais benefícios à saúde


Background: The eggplant (Solanum melongena) is a fruit of world consumption. Its processing in the form of flour is a way to avoid losses and to take advantage of its nutritional characteristics. Objective: This study assessed the physicochemical composition (moisture, proteins, lipids, crude fiber, carbohydrates, minerals, niacin, saponins, titratable acidity, dietary fiber, and total phenols) of eggplant flour prepared from the whole fruit dehydrated in an oven. Methods: In vitro antioxidant activity was assessed using the following methods: 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH); Ferric Reducing/ Antioxidant Power (FRAP); and analysis of polyphenols using HPLC (chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, and rutin). Results: It was possible to observe: 23.09% carbohydrates; 13.34% proteins; 1.85% lipids; 39.19% total fibers; 1,540 mg/100 g total soluble phenolic compounds; 840 mg/100 g saponins; minerals (potassium, magnesium, copper, iron, zinc, manganese); and niacin. In vitro antioxidant activity was observed through DPPH (455.6 mg ascorbic acid/100 g) and FRAP (486.8 mg ascorbic acid/100 g). The HPLC method determined the presence of ascorbic acid, tyrosine, and phenolic acids (chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and ferulic acid). Conclusion: The eggplant flour had great fiber content in addition to good content of phenolic compounds and saponins with important antioxidant capacity observed through in vitro assays. As a result, eggplant flour is a good addition to the diet of the population, since it can bring potential health benefits


Subject(s)
Humans , Antioxidants , Phenolic Compounds/analysis , Solanum melongena , Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control , Diet/methods , Food , Hyperlipidemias/blood , Hyperlipidemias/therapy , Nutritional Sciences , Risk Factors , Data Interpretation, Statistical
7.
Int. j. cardiovasc. sci. (Impr.) ; 29(3): f:210-l:217, mai.-jun. 2016. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-831783

ABSTRACT

Fundamentos: Dislipidemia e obesidade estão associadas com insuficiente consumo de frutas, verduras e legumes, e com desequilíbrio do estado antioxidante. Objetivos: Avaliar o consumo dietético das vitaminas A, E e C e dos macronutrientes, correlacionando-os com biomarcadores em dislipidêmicos com excesso de peso. Métodos: Foram selecionados indivíduos dislipidêmicos de ambos os sexos, com idade ≥ 20 anos e índice de massa corporal (IMC) ≥ 25 kg/m2. Foram excluídos aqueles em uso de medicamentos anorexígenos e/ou realizando dieta hipoenergética. Analisaram-se as variáveis antropométricas [massa corporal, estatura, circunferência da cintura (CC), IMC] e bioquímicas [colesterol total, HDL-C, LDL-C, triglicerídeos (TGs) e F2-isoprostano plasmático]. Avaliou-se o consumo alimentar pelo questionário de frequência alimentar. Testou-se a normalidade das variáveis pelo teste não paramétrico de Kolmogorov-Smirnov e realizou-se a correlação de Spearman, empregando-se o pacote estatístico SPSS18 com nível de significância de 5%.Resultados: Dos 284 participantes, 264 (93,1%) eram mulheres. As médias do IMC e da CC foram 36,0 ± 5,8 kg/m2 e 106,2 ± 12,7cm, respectivamente. O consumo de vitaminas A e C, carboidratos, proteínas, açúcar, ácidos graxos (AG) saturados e AG trans foi superior às recomendações, enquanto os consumos de vitamina E e AG poli- e monoinsaturados não alcançaram 50% das recomendações. Evidenciou-se correlação negativa entre as seguintes variáveis: vitamina E com LDL-C e colesterol total; açúcar e HDL-C; AG poli-insaturados e colesterol total e LDL-C. Observaram-se correlações positivas entre colesterol dietético, CC e IMC, e entre massa gorda e TGs. Conclusão: Observou-se inadequação no consumo dietético de vitamina E, açúcar, AG poli-insaturados e trans, o mesmo não acontecendo com as vitaminas A e C. Não houve correlação de biomarcadores e variáveis dietéticas com F2-isoprostano plasmático


Background: Insufficient consumption of fruits, vegetables and pulses is associated with dyslipidemia and obesity and with antioxidant status imbalance. Objective: To assess the dietary intake of vitamins A, E and C and of macronutrients, correlating them with biomarkers in dyslipidemic overweight individuals. Methods: Dyslipidemic individuals of both sexes, aged ≥ 20 years, with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2 were selected. Individuals on anorectic drugs and/or hypocaloric diets were excluded. Anthropometric [body mass, height, waist circumference (WC), BMI] and biochemical variables [total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides, and plasma F2-isoprostane) were assessed. Food intake was assessed using the Food Frequency Questionnaire. Statistical analyses were performed with SPSS 18. Results: Of the 284 participants, 264 (93.1%) were women. Mean BMI and WC values were 36.0 ± 5.8kg/m2 and 106.2 ± 12.7cm, respectively. The intakes of vitamins A and C, carbohydrates, proteins, sugar, saturated and trans fatty acids were above the recommended values; the intakes of vitamin E, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and monounsaturated fatty acids were below 50% of the recommended values. There was a negative correlation between the following variables: vitamin E, LDL-C and TC; sugar and HDL-C; and polyunsaturated fatty acids, TC and LDL-C. Positive correlations were observed between dietary cholesterol, WC and BMI; and between fat mass and triglycerides. Conclusion: Inappropriate intakes of vitamin E, sugar, polyunsaturated and trans fatty acids were observed, but not of vitamins A and C. No correlation of biomarkers and dietary variables was observed with plasma F2-isoprostane


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Antioxidants , Cardiovascular Diseases/mortality , Cholesterol/blood , Dyslipidemias/complications , Dyslipidemias/therapy , Obesity/therapy , Vitamins , Blood Chemical Analysis/methods , Body Mass Index , Chronic Disease , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diet/methods , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Vitamin A/analysis , Vitamin E/analysis , Waist Circumference
8.
Int. j. cardiovasc. sci. (Impr.) ; 29(1): 37-46, jan.-fev.2016. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-797111

ABSTRACT

A linhaça, rica em fibras, é estratégia nutricional para o tratamento da obesidade. Objetivo: Comparar os efeitos de três tipos de farinha de linhaça nas sensações de apetite e saciedade em mulheres com sobrepeso e obesidade. Métodos: Foram consumidos aleatoriamente cinco tipos de refeição-teste: 400g de iogurte de baixo teor de gordura com 30g de farinha de linhaça: marrom integral (FLMI), marrom desengordurada (FLMD), dourada (FLD) ou 14 g de fibra solúvel (goma guar) ou iogurte (controle). A avaliação da sensação de apetite e saciedade foi realizada em 0 (em jejum), 15, 45, 75 e 105 minutos após a refeição-teste, utilizando escala visual analógica adaptada. Avariação da taxa entre os tempos T0-T15 e T15-T105 foi calculada e os voluntários classificados em quatro quadrantes, de acordo com média e taxas de variação. Resultados: Os grupos suplementados com linhaça apresentaram comportamento semelhante na sensação de apetite e saciedade; com FLMD houve menor sensação de apetite e maior saciedade, e maior frequência no quadrante “Perde lento e ganha lento” do grupo com sobrepeso (47,0%) e do grupo obesidade grau 1 (47,6%). No quadrante “Perde rápido e ganha rápido” o grupo com sobrepeso (41,2%) foi o mais frequente e no quadrante “Perde lento e ganha rápido” o grupo obesidade grau 1 (31,8%) foi o mais frequente. Conclusão: A ingestão de FLMD favoreceu a redução do apetite e aumento da saciedade provavelmente por viscosidade mais elevada e maior quantidade de proteínas desta linhaça...


Flaxseed is rich in fibers and is a nutritional strategy for the treatment of obesity . Objective: To compare the effects of three types of flaxseed flours in the appetite and satiety sensations in overweighed and obese women. Methods: Five types of test meals were randomly consumed: 400g of low-fat yogurt with 30g of the following types of flaxseed flour: whole brown flaxseed flour (WBFF), brown defatted flaxseed flour (BDFF), golden flaxseed flour (GFF) or 14g of soluble fiber (guar gum) or yogurt (control). Evaluation of the appetite and satiety sensation was held 0 (fasting), 15, 45, 75 and 105 minutes after the test meal using an adapted visual analogue scale. Variation on the rate between times T0-T15 and T15-T105 was calculated and the volunteers were ranked into four quadrants according to the average and variation rates. Results: The groups supplemented with flaxseed showed similar behavior in the sensation of appetite and satiety; with BDFF, there was a weaker sensation of appetite and greater satiety, and greater frequency of the overweight group (47.0%) and grade 1 obesity group (47.6%) in the “Loses slowly and gains slowly” quadrant. The overweight group appeared more frequently (41.2%) in the “Loses quickly and gains quickly” quadrant. The grade 1 obesity group appeared more frequently (31.8%) in the “Loses slowly and gains quickly” quadrant. Conclusion: Intake of BDFF led to reduced appetite and increased satiety probably due to the higher viscosity and greater amount of protein found in flaxseed...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Appetite , Flax/adverse effects , Obesity/complications , Obesity/therapy , Overweight/complications , Overweight/therapy , Body Mass Index , Dietary Fiber , Diet/methods , Treatment Outcome , Women
9.
Int. j. cardiovasc. sci. (Impr.) ; 28(3): 244-250, mai.-jun. 2015. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-775247

ABSTRACT

Fundamentos: O número de mortes atribuíveis à dieta não saudável aumentou nas últimas décadas e osinstrumentos para sua avaliação apresentam inúmeras limitações.Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito da dieta hipoenergética nos dados antropométricos e bioquímicos e verificar sua qualidade pelo índice de qualidade da dieta revisado para população brasileira (IQD-R) e consumo de alimentosultraprocessados (AU), em mulheres com excesso de peso. Métodos: Estudadas 44 mulheres, com excesso de peso, submetidas à dieta hipoenergética por 180 dias. Foram coletados, mensalmente: pressão arterial (PA), dados antropométricos, bioquímicos e dietéticos. Para avaliação da qualidade da dieta empregou-se o IQD-R e o consumo de AU e ingredientes de adição. Utilizaram-se os testes de Wilcoxon e Mann-Whitney com significância estatística de p<0,05. Resultados: A média de idade encontrada foi 47,0±11,0 anos e do índice de massa corporal (IMC) foi 36,0±7,3kg/m2.Observou-se redução da massa corporal, IMC, perímetro do pescoço e da cintura, razão cintura/estatura, índice de adiposidade visceral, PA sistólica, concentrações de glicose, de triglicerídeos e lipopoproteínas de muito baixa densidade (VLDL-c). Houve melhora da qualidade da dieta em ambos os grupos com redução significativa do consumo de proteínas, lipídeos totais, ácidos graxos e sódio na dieta classificada como adequada; e redução da energia, glicose, VLDL-c e da PA na inadequada. Houve redução significativa do consumo de AU comorefrigerantes, macarrão instantâneo, sucos industrializados e açúcar de adição.Conclusão: A dieta hipoenergética reduziu parâmetros antropométricos e bioquímicos e essas modificações nãoforam explicadas pelo IQD-R, mas pela avaliação dos AU e ingredientes de adição.


Background: The number of deaths attributable to unhealthy diet has increased in recent decades, and the instruments for their assessment have several limitations. Objective: Evaluate the effect of the hypoenergetic diet in anthropometric and biochemical data, and check its quality based on the diet quality index revised for the Brazilian population (DQI-R), and on the consumption of ultra-processed food products (UPP) in women with overweight. Methods: This study covered 44 women with overweight undergoing a hypoenergetic diet for 180 days. Monthly appraisals: bloodpressure (BP), anthropometric, biochemical and dietary data. The DQI-R and the consumption of UPP and additives were used ascriteria to assess the diet quality. The Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests were employed, with statistical significance of p<0.05. Results: The mean age found was 47.0±11.0 years, and the body mass index (BMI) was 36.0±7.3 kg/m2. It was observed a decrease in body mass, BMI, neck and waist circumferences, waist-to-height ratio, visceral adiposity index, systolic blood pressure, and in the concentrations of glucose, triglycerides and very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL-C). The quality of diet improved in both groupswith significant reduction in the consumption of protein, total lipids, fatty acids and sodium in the adequate diet; and there was a reduction in energy, glucose, VLDL-C and BP in the inadequate diet. There was a significant decrease in the consumption of UPP,such as soft drinks, instant noodles, processed juices, and added sugar foods.Conclusion: The hypoenergetic diet reduced anthropometric and biochemical parameters and these changes were not explained by DQI-R, but by the evaluation of UPP and additives.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Diet/adverse effects , Diet/methods , Obesity/complications , Quality of Life , Women , Arterial Pressure , Body Mass Index , Food Quality , Caloric Restriction/adverse effects , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Statistics, Nonparametric
10.
Int. j. cardiovasc. sci. (Impr.) ; 28(1): 16-24, jan.-fev. 2015. tab, graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-762185

ABSTRACT

Fundamentos: Pesquisas nacionais brasileiras indicam aumento da obesidade e doenças cardiovasculares em mulheres. Objetivo: Determinar a frequência dos polimorfismos 677C>T e 1298A>C do gene da metilenotetra-hidrofolato redutase (MTHFR) em mulheres brasileiras obesas e avaliar sua associação com as concentrações séricas de homocisteína (Hcy),folato e cobalamina, no período após a fortificação das farinhas de trigo e milho com ácido fólico no Brasil. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado no período de 2008 a 2009, com 133 mulheres obesas. Kits comerciais foramutilizados para realizar análises laboratoriais, incluindo mensuração de lipídeos e glicose por métodos enzimáticos; Hcy total e o folato plasmático, utilizando um imunoensaio competitivo; e cobalamina baseado em quimiluminescência. A genotipagem foi realizada por PCR, seguido por fragmento de restrição enzimática. Resultados: A média de idade dos participantes foi 39,0±4,4 anos e o índice de massa corporal, 32,5±2,1 kg/m². Distribuições dos genótipos encontradas: CC (47%), CT (44%) e TT (9%) para a posição 677 da MTHFR e AA (60%), AC (35%), e CC (5%) para a posição 1298. As concentrações de Hcy correlacionaram-se negativamente com a concentração de folato plasmático no grupo exibindo os genótipos 677CT, 1298AC ou 1298CC (r=0,554, p<0,01). Conclusão: Mulheres brasileiras obesas com genótipos 677TT estudadas apresentaram maiores concentrações de Hcy do que aquelas que apresentaram os genótipos 677CT e 677CC. Além disso, genótipos 1298CC mostraram associação com concentrações de Hcy maiores do que os genótipos 1298AC e 1298AA.


Background: Brazilian national surveys have indicated a rise in obesity and cardiovascular disease in women.Objective: To determine the frequency of 677C>T and 1298A>C polymorphisms in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene in obese Brazilian women and to assess the potential association of these polymorphisms with serum concentrations of homocysteine (Hcy), folate and cobalamin after fortification of wheat and corn flour with folic acid in Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from 2008 to 2009 with 133 obese women. Commercial kits were employed to perform laboratory analyses including measurement of lipids and glucose using enzymatic methods, total Hcy and serum folate using a competitive immunoassay and cobalamin based on chemiluminescence. Genotyping was performed by PCR, followed by restriction fragment lengthpolymorphism analysis. Results: The average age of participants was 39.0±4.4 years and mean body mass index was 32.5±2.1kg/m². The distributions of the genotypeswere CC (47%), CT (44%), and TT (9%) for the position MTHFR 677 and AA (60%), AC (35%), and CC (5%) for the position 1298. Hcy levels correlated negatively with serum folate in the group displaying the 677CT, 1298AC, or 1298CC genotypes (r=-0.554, p<0.01). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that obese Brazilian women with genotypes 677TT have higher Hcy concentrations than those carrying the genotypes 677CT and 677CC. Additionally, genotypes 1298CC are associated with higher Hcy concentrations than genotypes 1298AC and 1298AA.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Brazil/epidemiology , Homocysteine/genetics , /metabolism , Obesity/complications , Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics , Women , Body Mass Index , Cross-Sectional Studies , Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology , Cardiovascular Diseases/physiopathology , Folic Acid , Genotype , Hyperhomocysteinemia/complications , Hyperhomocysteinemia/genetics , Risk Factors
11.
Rev. nutr ; 23(5): 881-894, set.-out. 2010. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-577015

ABSTRACT

A deficiência de ácido fólico está associada às doenças crônicas não-transmissíveis, complicações na gestação e doenças neurodegenerativas. Objetivou-se discutir o papel do ácido fólico na prevenção de doenças, os aspectos epidemiológicos de sua deficiência, fortificação dos alimentos e suplementação medicamentosa. Realizou-se levantamento bibliográfico, consultando as bases de dados para a obtenção dos artigos completos: MedLine, SciELO, PubMed, Highwire Press e Science Direct. Foram selecionados estudos realizados com seres humanos publicados entre 2004 e 2010. O ácido fólico é importante para as reações de metilação do ácido desoxirribonucléico, prevenção da hiper-homocisteinemia e atua como antioxidante. A deficiência dessa vitamina é descrita em adolescentes, mulheres em idade fértil, gestantes e em idosos. Seu alcance pela dieta é difícil, sendo necessária a inclusão de alimentos fortificados ou suplementos. É importante avaliar o estado nutricional de ácido fólico dos indivíduos antes e após a adoção dessas estratégias, de modo a gerar subsídios para ela-boração de medidas governamentais mais adequadas e eficazes. Destacamos ainda a necessidade da reeducação nutricional para a população brasileira a fim de aumentar o consumo de alimentos fontes de ácido fólico.


Folic acid deficiency is associated with non-communicable chronic diseases, pregnancy-associated complications and neurodegenerative diseases. The objective of this paper was to discuss the role of folic acid in disease prevention, the epidemiological aspects of its deficiency and food fortification and supplementation. Articles were searched in the following databases: MedLine, SciELO, PubMed, Highwire Press and Science Direct. Only original studies with humans published between 2004 and 2010 were included. Folic acid is important for DNA methylation and prevention of hyperhomocysteinemia. It also presents antioxidant activity. Folic acid deficiency has been described in adolescents, women of childbearing age, pregnant women and the elderly. It is difficult to meet the folic acid requirement with diet alone, so fortified foods and supplements are necessary. It is important to assess folic acid levels before and after the implementation of such strategies to enable the development of better and more effective public strategies. It is also important to provide nutrition education for the Brazilian population for them to increase their consumption of dietary sources of folic acid.

12.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 94(6): 150-178, jun. 2010. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-550681

ABSTRACT

Atualmente, a síndrome metabólica (SM) se mostra altamente prevalente, sendo associada a fatores de risco para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, tais como diabetes mellitus tipo 2, doenças ateroscleróticas e coronarianas. O objetivo desta revisão sistemática foi descrever os resultados de estudos que investigaram a associação da SM com a doença arterial coronariana e doenças vasculares oclusivas. Foi realizada a revisão sistemática com dados de estudos originais publicados entre 1999 e 2008, escritos em inglês ou português, utilizando-se as bases de dados Medline, Pubmed, Highwire Press e Science Direct. Foram incluídos artigos que fizeram o diagnóstico da SM através do critério do National Cholesterol Education Program - Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III, 2001). Foram excluídos estudos realizados com animais, de suplementação e que realizaram administração oral ou endovenosa de qualquer substância, assim como aqueles de baixa qualidade metodológica e com amostra inicialmente heterogênea. Apesar da heterogeneidade entre os estudos, observou-se que indivíduos com SM apresentam maior probabilidade (risco = 2,13) de desenvolverem as doenças vasculares oclusivas, doença coronariana, diabetes mellitus e acidente vascular encefálico. Mudanças no estilo de vida, como práticas alimentares saudáveis, atividade física regular e a cessação do tabagismo devem ser incentivadas pelos profissionais da saúde a fim de minimizar as complicações e a morbimortalidade associada à SM.


Nowadays, the metabolic syndrome (MS) is highly prevalent and is associated with risk factors for non-transmissible chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, and coronary atherosclerotic disease. The objective of this systematic review is to describe the results of studies that investigated the association of MS with coronary artery disease and occlusive vascular diseases. We conducted a systematic review of data from original studies published between 1999 and 2008, written in English or Portuguese, using the databases Medline, Pubmed, Science Direct and HighWire Press. We included articles in which the diagnosis of MS was made by the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program - Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III, 2001). We excluded studies with animals, supplementation studies, and those with oral or intravenous administration of any substance, as well as those of low methodological quality and those which had a heterogeneous initial sample. Despite the heterogeneity among studies, we observed that individuals with MS had a higher probability (risk = 2.13) of developing occlusive vascular diseases, coronary disease, diabetes and stroke. Lifestyle changes such as healthy eating habits, regular physical activity and cessation of smoking should be encouraged by health professionals to minimize the complications and morbidity associated with MS.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Arterial Occlusive Diseases/complications , Coronary Artery Disease/complications , Metabolic Syndrome/complications , Metabolic Syndrome/diagnosis , Prevalence , Risk Factors
13.
Rev. bras. nutr. clín ; 20(4): 272-277, oct.-dic. 2005.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-552245

ABSTRACT

Introdução: A homocisteína é um aminoácido sulfurado derivado da metionina que está associado á gênese de várias doenças não transmissíveis. Sua concentração plasmática é resultado de fatores genéticos, hormonais e nutricionais, como o estado nutricional das vitaminas ácido fólico, cobalamina e piridxina. A hiperhomocisteinemia, mesmo que leve, é considerada fator de risco independente para doença cardiovascular, estando associada a eventos tromboembólicos, doença arterosclerótica e hipertensão arterial. Além disso, também está relacionada à resistência insulínica e, consequentemente, á síndrome metabólica. Objetivo: Discutir a possível associação da hiperhomocisteinemia com a ocorrência de doenças e agravos não transmissíveis, através de ampla revisão bibliográfica. Método: realizou-se levantamento bibliográfico dos últimos seis anos, consultando as bases de dados do Medline, Sielo, Lilacs, sendo selecionados artigos mais relevantes relacionados com o objetivo desta revisão. Conclusões: Vários estudos sugerem a possível associação da hiperhomocisteinemia com doenças de grande impacto social, como as cardiovasculares, o câncer, as doenças do sistema digestório, a insuficiência renal e as doenças neurodegenerativas. Esses resultados demonstram a importância da realização de pesquisas científicas nesta área a fim de estudar essa possível associação. portanto, o tratamento da hiperhomocisteinemia constitui-se numa estratégia eficaz para a prevenção de tais doenças. Esse tratamento deve se basear, principalmente, no incremento do estado nutricional do folato, o que se tornou mais acessível no Brasil após o enriquecimento de alguns alimentos com essa vitamina.


Introduction: Homocysteine is a sulfur-containing amino acid derived from methionine that is associated to the genesis of several noncommunicable diseases. Its plasma concentration is the result of genetic, hormonal and nutritional factors, such as the nutritional status of the vitamins folic acid, cobalamin and piridxina. Hyperhomocysteinemia, even slight, is considered an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is associated with thromboembolic events, atherosclerotic disease and hypertension. It also is related to insulin resistance and hence the metabolic syndrome. Objective: To discuss the possible association of hyperhomocysteinemia and the occurrence of non-communicable diseases and injuries, through extensive literature review. Method: literature review took place over the last six years, consulting the databases of Medline, Siel, Lilacs, being selected most relevant articles related to the purpose of this review. Conclusions: Several studies suggest a possible association of hyperhomocysteinemia with diseases of major social impact such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, digestive system diseases, renal failure and neurodegenerative diseases. These results demonstrate the importance of conducting scientific research in this area in order to study this possible association. therefore, the treatment of hyperhomocysteinemia constitutes a successful strategy for the prevention of such diseases. This treatment should be based mainly in increasing the nutritional status of folate, which became more accessible in Brazil after the enrichment of foods with this vitamin.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology , Neurodegenerative Diseases/diagnosis , Neurodegenerative Diseases/etiology , Homocysteine/analysis , Homocysteine/toxicity , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/etiology , Risk Assessment/methods
14.
Rev. nutr ; 18(6): 743-751, nov.-dez. 2005. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-421962

ABSTRACT

A hiper-homocisteinemia é um fator de risco independente para as doenças vasculares oclusivas. Os mecanismos exatos pelos quais a hiper-homocisteinemia favorece o desenvolvimento dessas doenças não são totalmente compreendidos. Sugere-se que o dano ao endotélio vascular, promovido pelas espécies de oxigênio reativas, oriundas da oxidação da homocisteína, seja a causa dos eventos tromboembólicos. Estudos indicam que a homocisteína interfere em vários mecanismos anticoagulantes mediados pelo endotélio vascular, tais como: redução da ativação da proteína C, inibição da trombomodulina e supressão da expressão do sulfato de heparan. Sabe-se que os níveis de homocisteína são influenciados por diversos fatores, dentre eles destaca-se a deficiência de vitaminas do complexo B (especialmente folato, cobalamina e piridoxina). A suplementação de folato, isoladamente ou em combinação com a cobalamina e piridoxina, reduz os níveis de homocisteína plasmática mesmo em pessoas que não apresentam deficiência dessas vitaminas. Esta revisão tem como objetivos abordar os possíveis mecanismos pelos quais a hiper-homocisteinemia poderia levar ao desenvolvimento de eventos tromboembólicos e o tratamento nutricional da hiper-homocisteinemia.


Subject(s)
Vitamins , Dietary Vitamins , Cardiovascular Diseases/pathology , Vascular Diseases/pathology , Homocysteine/metabolism
15.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-882318

ABSTRACT

Coffee is one of the most worldwide consumed beverages, and Brazil is its major source. Coffee plants belong to the Rubiacea e family, and there are many species, although only C. arabica and C. canephora (Robusta) have commercial value. The chemical composition of green coffee depends on the species, climatic conditions, processing and storage. Recently, coffee intake has been related to increased plasma homocysteine levels ­ this non-proteica minoacid is one of the risk factors for occlusive cardiovascular diseases,one of the main causes of death in industrialized countries. This finding points out to the relevance of analysis of coffee constituents involved inincreased homocysteine plasma levels. Caffeine, chlorogenic acid and diterpenes (caffestol and caveol) are important substances present in coffee,which exert physiological effects


El café es una de las bebidas mas consumidas en el mundo, siendo Brasil el mayor produto rmundial. El café pertenece a la família Rubiáceas, y existen numerosas especies, pero solamente la C. arabica y la C. canéfora (Robusta) tienen valor comercial. La composición química del café verde depende dela especie, condiciones climáticas, de procesamiento y de almacenamiento. Recientemente, el consumo de café ha sido relacionado al aumento de los niveles de homocisteína plasmática ­ este aminoácido no proteico es uno de los factores de riesgo para las enfermedades cardiovasculares oclusivas, las cuales responden por las principales causas de muerte en países industrializados ­ esto es relevante para la investigación que busca los componentes del café, responsables por el aumento de los niveles de homocisteínaplasmática. La cafeína, el acido clorogénico, diterpenos (cafestol y cahweol) son importantes substancias presentes en el café que ejercen efectos fisiológicos en el organismo


A bebida de café é uma das bebidas mais consumidas no mundo, sendo o Brasil o seu maior produtor. As plantas de café pertencem à família Rubiaceae, e possuem inúmeras espécies, mas somente a C. arábica e C. canéfora (Robusta) têm valor comercial. A composição química do café verde depende da espécie, condições climáticas, processamento e estocagem. Recentemente, o consumo de café tem sido relacionado ao aumento dos níveis de homocisteína plasmática - esse aminoácido não protéico é um dos fatores de risco para a ocorrência de doenças cardiovasculares oclusivas, uma das principais causas de morte em países industrializados - tal fato torna relevante a investigação sobre os componentes do café, envolvidos no incremento dos níveis de homocisteína plasmática. A cafeína, o ácido clorogênico e os diterpenos (cafestol e caveol) são importantes substâncias presentes no café, exercendo efeitos fisiológicos no organismo


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Caffeine/adverse effects , Cardiovascular Diseases/diet therapy , Diterpenes/adverse effects , Homocysteine/adverse effects , Caffeine/metabolism , Cardiovascular Diseases/metabolism , Diterpenes/metabolism , Homocysteine/metabolism
16.
Nutrire Rev. Soc. Bras. Aliment. Nutr ; 27: 85-102, jun. 2004. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-420652

ABSTRACT

Indivíduos obesos, em especial, aqueles com obesidade abdominal, apresentam grande risco de desenvolver a Síndrome Metabólica - um conjunto de fatores de risco para as doenças cardiovasculares que ocorre em indivíduos com sensibilidade à insulina prejudicada. Em geral, os indivíduos apresentam quadro de dislipidemia (hipertrigliceridemia e redução dos níveis de lipoproteína de alta densidade), resistência à insulina, intolerância à glicose e hipertensão. O tratamento da Síndrome Metabólica objetiva a melhora da resistência à insulina e suas complicações. A perda de peso representa a base para o tratamento dessa síndrome, pois promove a melhora da sensibilidade à insulina...


Subject(s)
Cardiovascular Diseases/diet therapy , Insulin Resistance , Metabolic Diseases , Nutritional Sciences , Obesity
17.
Arch. latinoam. nutr ; 50(3): 257-264, sept. 2000. ilus, tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-305229

ABSTRACT

The purposes of this study were to determine: a) the incorporation of labeled [3H] arachidonic on the intestinal mucosa, the liver and plasma, after 1,3 and 5 hours of administration, b) preferential incorporation by different tissues, c)and the effects on experimental rats with thioacetamide-induced cirrhosis, after four weeks of dietary supplementatión with nucleotides and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. 209 female Winstar rats were divided into two groups (control and TAA group). The TAA group was given 300 mg of thioacetamide/L, in their drinking water for four months. After this period, a sample of 6 rats were taken from each group and examined, to evaluate the biochemical and histological changes of the experimental model, and 36 rats were taken to determine the incorporation of radioactivity by the groups. The rest of the animals were divided into four subgroups. Each group, receiving a supplementary diet with only long-chaing polyunsaturated fatty acids and/or nucleotides or neither, for 4 weeks. After four months of thioacetamide, the incorporation of the [3H] arachidonic acid showed: a) an increased within 3 h in the intestinal mucosa, b) a decreased in the liver after 3 to 5 h, c) and a drastic decrease in the plasma after 3 to 5 h. With a dietary supplementation of long-chaing polyunsaturated fatty acids and nucleotides combined, there was a decrease of acumulate [3H] arachidonic acid in the intestine and a increase in the liver and plasma. The simultaneous supply of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids and nucleotides was beneficial in the reversal of liver cirrhosis


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Fatty Acids, Unsaturated , Arachidonic Acid , Liver Cirrhosis , Brazil , Nutritional Sciences
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